kry.co.uk > Your health

Health information, articles, news and advice for NHS patients.

kry.co.uk > Your health > Metainfo

Your health | KRY

By Dr. Milad Hilli, Kry GP and Menopause Specialist 

October marks Menopause Awareness Month, and as both a GP and someone who experienced medical menopause at just 27, I want to share my story with the many women facing similar journeys across the UK. 

### When Life Changes Everything 

At 26, I was diagnosed with lymphoma, a blood cancer that would completely reshape my understanding of women's health. After months of aggressive chemotherapy, including a trial immunotherapy drug and stem cell transplant, I found myself in medically induced menopause. The treatment that saved my life had damaged my ovaries beyond repair. 

As a GP, I thought I understood menopause. I was wrong. 

When my periods didn't return after my second round of treatment, the reality hit me: I knew embarrassingly little about something that affects half the population. If I, as a medical professional, felt unprepared for this transition, how must other women feel? 

### The Hidden Reality of Medical and Surgical Menopause 

Medical menopause affects thousands of UK women annually. Unlike natural menopause, which typically occurs between 45-55, medical menopause can happen at any age due to: 

- Cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy) 
- Surgical removal of ovaries 
- Certain medications 
- Autoimmune conditions. 

According to Cancer Research UK, over 55,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year, many of whom will experience treatment-related menopause. Yet this significant population often feels overlooked in menopause conversations. 

### Symptoms Hit Differently 

Medical menopause symptoms can be more severe and sudden than natural menopause. When your oestrogen levels plummet overnight rather than gradually declining, your body struggles to adapt. I experienced: 

- Severe brain fog (I genuinely feared my cancer had spread to my brain) 
- Hot flashes that felt overwhelming 
- Joint pain I'd never experienced 
- Mood changes that caught me off-guard 
- Sleep disturbances that affected everything. 

The psychological impact cannot be understated. Facing mortality through cancer, then immediately confronting premature menopause, felt like losing my future twice over. 

### When HRT Isn't an Option 

Many women in medical menopause face additional challenges. Those with hormone-sensitive cancers may be advised against HRT, leaving them wondering what options remain. 

The good news? There are alternatives: 

### Symptom-specific treatments: 
- SSRIs (antidepressants) can reduce hot flashes by up to 60% 
- Gabapentin helps with both hot flashes and sleep 
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) shows remarkable effectiveness for menopausal symptoms. 

### Lifestyle interventions: 

- Regular exercise (particularly weight-bearing for bone health) 
- Mediterranean-style diet rich in phytoestrogens
- Stress management techniques 
- Adequate vitamin D and calcium. 

### Finding Hope in Expertise 

My experience sparked a passion for menopause medicine. I pursued specialist training in North America and the UK, obtaining my menopause certification because I refused to let other women navigate this journey uninformed. 

Today, through platforms like Kry, I can reach women across the UK who need specialist menopause support. Whether you're experiencing natural perimenopause or facing medical menopause like I did, expert help is available. 

### Your Next Steps 

If you're experiencing menopausal symptoms, especially following medical treatment or surgery: 

1. Document your symptoms - keep a diary of what you're experiencing 
2. Don't suffer in silence - medical menopause requires specialist support 
3. Explore all options - even if HRT isn't suitable, alternatives exist 
4. Connect with specialists - through services like Kry's you can access expert care from home. 

Remember, you don't have to navigate this alone. Medical menopause may feel isolating, but thousands of women share this experience. With proper support and treatment, you can reclaim your quality of life. 

To book a consultation about menopause with a Kry clinician, simply download the app and book an appointment. Support and expert care are just a click away.

Dr. Milad Hilli is a GP and certified menopause specialist practicing with Kry. She combines clinical expertise with personal experience to provide comprehensive menopause care for women across the UK. 

Kry.co.uk > Patient article page CTA 

See a GP today

kry.co.uk > article page > From Cancer Survivor to Menopause Specialist: My Story of Hope and Healing 

Santé intime : pourquoi tant de femmes n’osent toujours pas consulter un gynécologue ? 

From Cancer Survivor to Menopause Specialist: My Story of Hope and Healing 

October marks ADHD Awareness Month, a crucial time to dispel misconceptions and shed light on a condition that affects millions of adults and children across the UK. As a registered nurse and healthcare leader who received an ADHD diagnosis earlier this year, Kry’s Olly Jones shares both the science and the human story behind this often-misunderstood neurodevelopmental condition. 

### The Science Behind ADHD: More Than Just Distraction
ADHD isn't about lacking willpower or being "naughty" – it's a genuine neurological condition rooted in brain chemistry. At its core, ADHD involves the dysregulation of two key neurotransmitters: dopamine and norepinephrine. 

Dopamine is essential for feeling reward and motivation. When these levels are disrupted, everyday tasks that others find naturally rewarding can feel unrewarding or boring. This explains why people with ADHD might act impulsively, seeking stimulation elsewhere, which can manifest as risk-taking behaviours, binge eating, or substance misuse. 

Norepinephrine is crucial for focus and filtering out distractions. When this system doesn't function typically, it becomes difficult to concentrate on tasks, filter out the world around you, or focus on one task at a time. This can also lead to time blindness, the difficulty in perceiving, estimating, or keeping track of the passage of time. 

There are three types of ADHD: inattentive (primarily concentration difficulties), hyperactive-impulsive (primarily related to dopamine and reward-seeking), and combined type, which affects both areas. The condition is largely genetic, though there are associations with premature birth and other factors. 

### The Hidden Cost: ADHD's Impact on Lives and Society
Contrary to popular belief that ADHD is "over diagnosed," research suggests quite the opposite. It's estimated that around two million people in the UK remain undiagnosed, with only one in nine people with ADHD receiving a diagnosis. 

The consequences of underdiagnosis are profound. Studies show that 25-30% of the prison population has ADHD – far higher than the general population. The condition is strongly linked to various mental health challenges, including depression, anxiety, and substance misuse disorders. 

Perhaps most strikingly, research indicates that ADHD can reduce life expectancy by nearly seven years for males and up to nine years for females. This reduction is comparable to serious health conditions and reflects the cumulative impact of associated risks: accidents due to impulsivity, mental health struggles, substance misuse, and the exhausting daily battle of trying to function in a world not designed for neurodivergent minds. 

### The Danger of Dismissive Labels 
When people casually dismiss ADHD as "trendy" or suggest "everyone has it these days," they're not just making harmless comments. This dismissive attitude undermines decades of progress in understanding neurodiversity and creates real barriers to people seeking help. 

These attitudes can prevent individuals from pursuing diagnosis and treatment, perpetuating cycles of self-doubt and struggle. For someone who has spent years thinking they're lazy, careless, or unintelligent, recognising ADHD can be transformative – providing not just an explanation, but a pathway to support and treatment. 

The reality is that living with undiagnosed ADHD can be isolating and exhausting. Many adults spend their days "masking" – using enormous mental energy to appear neurotypical – leaving them ready for bed by mid-morning. This constant effort takes a significant toll on mental health and quality of life.

### The Transformative Power of Understanding
Receiving an ADHD diagnosis as an adult can be life changing in itself, but it also opens the door to more treatments, support, and new ways of understanding yourself. Beyond improved concentration and focus that medication can provide, there are often unexpected benefits. Many people report feeling more content, better able to enjoy simple moments, and experiencing improved emotional regulation. 

For me personally, diagnosis brought self-forgiveness for years of perceived failures and careless mistakes. It provided access to workplace adjustments and academic support that I'd never had before. Most importantly, it offered hope – the understanding that struggles weren't character flaws but symptoms that could be managed. 

Some worry that treatment, particularly medication, might change their personality or make them feel "boring." In my experience, and that of many others, the opposite proved true. With balanced neurotransmitter levels, life became more naturally rewarding. There was less need to seek stimulation elsewhere, and simple pleasures became more accessible.

### A Generational Shift in Understanding 
The landscape has changed dramatically. I recall mental health support being used more as a threat against bad behaviour in my childhood. Today's educational settings are increasingly equipped to identify and support neurodivergent children, preventing the years of struggle that many adults with late diagnoses experienced. 

This progress represents something we should celebrate as a society – our growing inclusivity and understanding of neurodiversity. However, we must guard against backsliding into dismissive attitudes that could undermine these advances.

### Looking Forward: Access and Support
While awareness grows, challenges remain. Long waiting lists and costs can create barriers to diagnosis and treatment. In an ideal world, resources would be more readily available to support those who need assessment and ongoing care. 

For those currently waiting or considering seeking help, remember that ADHD is highly treatable. Whether through medication, therapy, lifestyle adjustments, or a combination of approaches, there are pathways to better management and improved quality of life.

### Moving Beyond October 
ADHD Awareness Month serves as an important reminder but understanding and support shouldn't be limited to one month. By continuing conversations about neurodiversity, challenging misconceptions, and advocating for accessible healthcare, we can create a society where everyone can thrive. 

If you recognise yourself in these descriptions or have questions about ADHD, remember that seeking help isn't a sign of weakness – it's a step towards understanding yourself better and accessing the support you deserve. 

If you have questions about ADHD or would like to discuss your concerns with a healthcare professional, [book an appointment with a Kry clinician today](/see-a-gp/). Our experienced clinicians can provide guidance and support to help you on your journey to better understanding and managing your health. 

Kry.co.uk > Article page > Beyond the Myths: Understanding ADHD in October's Awareness Month

ArticleCollection 2100x1200 (18)

Beyond the Myths: Understanding ADHD in October's Awareness Month

But what causes it – and how can you relieve the symptoms quickly?

### Common summer allergies

__1. Grass pollen allergy__

Grass pollen is one of the most common allergies during the summer. The grass pollen season often runs from June to August, depending on where in the country you are.

Common symptoms:
- Sneezing
- Nasal congestion or runny nose
- Itchy, red and watery eyes
- Fatigue

__2. Birch pollen (late reaction)__

Although birch pollen season is usually over by June, some people may still experience symptoms in early summer – especially if birch pollen cross-reacts with other substances.

__3. Cross-allergies__

Many people with pollen allergies also react to certain fruits, berries and vegetables – something called cross-allergy. This can cause itching or swelling in the mouth and throat.

Common cross-reactions:

- Grass pollen → tomato, melon, citrus
-
- Birch pollen → apple, pear, hazelnuts

__4. Mold spores__

During humid and hot summer days, mold spores in the air can also cause allergic reactions – especially if you spend a lot of time in nature, near compost piles or piles of leaves.

### How to relieve symptoms quickly
__1. Take antihistamines in good time__

Antihistamine tablets reduce sneezing, itching and watery eyes. For best results, they should be taken daily during pollen season – not just when needed.

__2. Use nasal spray with cortisone__

Cortisone nasal spray is effective against nasal congestion and inflammation. It is recommended to combine it with an antihistamine for best results.

__3. Protect your eyes__

Wear sunglasses outdoors to reduce the amount of pollen that reaches your eyes. Over-the-counter eye drops can also relieve irritation.

__4. Keep an eye on the pollen forecast__

Plan your outdoor activities when pollen levels are low – for example after rain. Avoid ventilating on dry and windy days.

__5. Change clothes and shower__

After being outside, pollen easily sticks to hair and clothes. Shower and change immediately when you get home to reduce exposure.

### When should you seek medical attention?
If your symptoms are so severe that over-the-counter medications do not help, or if you suspect you have asthma or an allergy that you have not previously investigated – contact your healthcare provider. There is effective prescription treatment and sometimes the possibility of allergy vaccination.

kry.co.uk > Article page > The most common summer allergies – how to relieve symptoms quickly

illustration-blå-bakgrund-gula-blommor-pollenpartiklar-i-luften

kry.se > Din hälsa > Följ pollensäsongen – vad blommar nu? > Image

Kry.co.uk > Your health > AI review

This article was created by AI. Errors may occur.

The most common summer allergies – how to relieve symptoms quickly

Partners.kry.co.uk > Article banners > Your virtual practice partner

Irritable bowel is more common than we may think as it affects up to around 20% of the population. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common long-term condition of the gut that affects how the digestive system works. It can cause stomach cramps, bloating, constipation and diarrhoea. IBS can make simple things like going to work, eating out or chilling out with friends- a real challenge.

### What is IBS?   
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is diagnosed when your GP has ruled out other more serious gut issues and underlying conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can present in the same way. This is especially relevant for those that are presenting for the first time with IBS symptoms and are 50 or over.

The key signs include: 
- Bloating or feeling puffy around your stomach

- Symptoms that get worse after eating

- Changes in your poop—either too loose, too hard, or switching between the two

If you’ve been dealing with these symptoms for at least six months, it’s worth chatting with a doctor. Here’s an easy way to remember the main symptoms: __ABC__ 

- __Abdominal pain__ (cramps or aches, usually worse after eating)

- __Bloating__ (plus excess gas, aka ‘flatulence’)

- __Changes in bowel habits__ (constipation, diarrhoea, or both)

Other common symptoms include:

- Backache

- Tiredness

- Peeing more than usual

### What causes IBS? 

The exact cause of IBS isn’t known, but it’s thought to be linked to: 

- __Gut muscle contractions:__ When muscle contractions in the bowel are stronger or weaker than they should be, it can make food move too quickly or slowly through the gut.

- __Brain-Gut connection:__ There could be a disruption in the nerve signals between your brain and your intestines.

- __An infection:__ IBS can occur after a severe case of an infection like gastroenteritis, caused by bacteria or a virus.

- __Microbiome imbalance:__ Upsetting the balance of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi in the digestive tract can cause IBS symptoms.

Other factors that can put you at greater risk of developing IBS include: 

- Stress and anxiety

- Family history

- Environment

- Mental health conditions like anxiety and depression

### How is IBS diagnosed? 

There’s no specific test for IBS, but a doctor will check your symptoms and rule out other conditions. A doctor will do a physical examination and ask you about your symptoms. It may help to keep a diary of your symptoms for a few weeks before your appointment, making a note of: 

- The foods you eat

- The symptoms you experience and how badly they affected you

- When they occur and how long they last

- What you were doing at the time, for example, after eating

Sometimes your GP, may do blood tests or taking a poo sample for analysis to rule our infections or other gut conditions.

### How can I manage IBS symptoms?
There are lots of ways to relieve different IBS symptoms. Medications like laxatives  can relive constipation; or antispasmodics like buscopan peppermint oil support stomach pain while antidiarrheal medicines reduce diarrhoea.  

However, lifestyle changes often make the biggest difference. Here’s what helps: 

- Eat regularly – Skipping meals or eating at random times can make symptoms worse. Try sticking to a routine.

- Balance your fibre – Too much or too little can be a problem. A mix of soluble fibre (oats, fruit, veggies) is best.

- Limit caffeine & alcohol – Both can irritate your gut.

- Manage stress – Stress is a huge IBS trigger. Try exercise, meditation, or even therapy like CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy).

- Try linseed for bloating – A tablespoon of linseed daily can help keep things moving.

If basic lifestyle tweaks aren’t enough then you can explore exclusion diets. Diets like the FODMAP diet- which should only be recommended by a dietitian- involve avoiding foods that are not easily broken down by the gut while you still get the nutrients you need.

The diet is for people with IBS and other specific digestive issues who may find eliminating certain foods helps to alleviate some or all of their symptoms. FODMAPs are types of carbohydrates found in certain foods, including wheat and beans. Studies have shown strong links between FODMAPs and digestive symptoms. Treatment usually involves a combination of medication and changes to your diet and lifestyle.  

IBS is different for everyone. There’s no single medicine that treats IBS, so it can take time and patience to find the right combination to manage your IBS symptoms. Talk to a doctor or pharmacist to see what they advise. IBS might be unpredictable, but with the right approach, you can still live your life without it calling the shots.

partners.kry.co.uk > Article CTAs

How can Kry help you?

Kry.co.uk > news > IBS Awareness Month

IBS Awareness Month

In this article Dr Green aims to clarify the myths and the realities surrounding male hormonal changes as men reach their mature years.

You might have heard the term “male menopause” in relation to problems like erectile dysfunction and low libido in middle-aged men. While these symptoms are increasingly common as men get older, this is generally not the result of an age-related drop in sex hormone levels such as testosterone as some media reports suggest.

### What is “male menopause”?

Due to the increasing profile of female menopause in recent years, a familiar term like “andropause” or “man-o-pause” is sometimes used to describe related symptoms in men such as mood changes and poor sleep. However, these media terms mischaracterise the real issues many men do face and may result in misinformation about what can be done to help.

### Understanding your body

In my job as a GP, I see men every week with symptoms like erectile dysfunction, low mood, low energy and a variety of issues with passing urine. Though there are many possible contributors to these issues, two of the most important and common causes are cardiovascular disease (CVD) and prostate problems.

CVD describes damage to the blood vessels caused by things like smoking, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, which can lead to erectile dysfunction and lethargy. As CVD is largely a ‘silent disease’ meaning symptoms are often absent, men at risk including those who smoke or have a family history of CVD should consult a GP for an assessment or see a pharmacist for a free blood pressure check. Men aged 40 and over can also attend free NHS Health Checks with their GP every 5 years.

An enlarged prostate, which can simply result from increasing age (also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH) but may also be due to prostate cancer, can affect the flow of urine and may contribute to erectile dysfunction*, though more studies are needed to understand the association.

### What should you do? 

Men are often embarrassed to discuss issues like these with a doctor; but they are important conversations to have, and men should feel encouraged and empowered to have them. Almost half of men aged over the age of 40 will experience erectile dysfunction according to a large UK study* and it is estimated by 2025, 322 million men worldwide will be affected by it*.

Men of any age struggling with erectile dysfunction, low libido or low mood should consult a GP for a full assessment, which may involve blood tests and other simple checks. In discussion with a GP following your results, there are a range of prescription medications that can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life for men.

More broadly, men can reduce their risks of these and many other problems as they get older by nurturing their cardiovascular health through stopping smoking, reducing alcohol intake and maintaining a healthy diet with regular exercise. A GP can advise and signpost men to further support with all of these.

If you require more information on this topic we have a range of advice for you in our health hub, including information and support for [erectile dysfunction](/medical-advice/urology/erectile-dysfunction/) to [what happens in a prostate exam](/your-health/prostate-exam/) to managing testicle health.

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned here or are feeling concerned about your sexual health, get medical advice from a GP.

__This article has been medically reviewed by Dr Todd Green, lead GP at Kry.__

__References:__

- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3721438/

- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35693549/

- https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/the-global-prevalence-of-erectile-dysfunction#:~:text=Erectile%20dysfunction%20is%20linked%20with,million%20men)%20across%20the%20UK

kry.co.uk > Article page > Is the man-o-pause real?

Is the man-o-pause real?

Our Lead GP, Dr Todd Green, dives into the concept of "man-o-pause," and discusses how these terms can sometimes be misleading.  Dr Green aims to clarify the myths and the realities surrounding male hormonal changes as men reach their mature years.

Kry.co.uk > Andropause > Meta information

Kry.co.uk > Medical reviewer > Dr Todd Green

Dr Todd Green

Lead GP at Kry

The practice of yoga began in ancient India over 2,000 years ago. Today, it’s popular all around the world with people of all ages. Yoga can be practised at all different levels of intensity, making it a great choice for people of all ability levels and stages of life. 

In this article, we'll explore the benefits of yoga for seniors, considerations for starting a yoga practice, and some yoga poses and breathing techniques to get you started.
## What are the benefits of yoga for seniors?
Yoga offers a range of physical and mental benefits that make it an ideal form of exercise for seniors. Here are just a few:

### Improved flexibility and mobility
Yoga poses gently stretch your muscles and joints, helping to increase your flexibility and range of motion. This can help you maintain your independence as you age and reduce your risk of falls and other injuries.

### Increased strength and endurance
Many yoga poses also involve holding your body weight, which can help build strength and endurance. This is important for maintaining your overall fitness and preventing age-related muscle loss.

### Better balance and coordination
Some yoga poses require balance and coordination, such as balancing on one foot. These can help improve your balance and reduce your risk of falls and other injuries in everyday life. 

### Stress reduction and relaxation
Yoga is known for its ability to reduce stress and promote relaxation. This can be especially beneficial for seniors who may be dealing with chronic pain or anxiety. 

Yoga has benefits no matter you age, but there’s also evidence to back up the benefits for older people in particular. A 6 month long trial of yoga in people aged 65-85 found that yoga significantly improved quality of life, balance and flexibility. 
## How should I get started with yoga?
There are lots of different styles of physical yoga practice. If you have any health concerns, it's important to talk to your doctor before starting yoga. You may need to modify certain poses or avoid certain types of yoga altogether. Here are a few more tips to get yourself started:

### Choosing the right yoga style
There are many different styles of yoga, each with its own focus and intensity level. Gentle or restorative yoga can give you all the benefits you’re looking for and can be a great starting point. These styles focus on stretching and relaxation rather than strength-building or intense physical activity.

While there are many more types of yoga, look out for these styles: 

__Yin or restorative yoga:__ This style focuses on stretching and relaxation rather than strength-building. Each posture is held for up to two or three minutes at a time and may use props like pillows or blankets. This can be a great place to start with yoga.  
__Hatha yoga:__ Usually slower paced, hatha yoga is also excellent for beginners and those who want a more relaxed practice.
__Iyengar yoga:__ Like yin yoga, this slow style is easily adapted and modified and uses props like blankets, pillows or chairs. It’s great for beginners because of its focus on proper alignment. 
__Hot yoga:__ Hot yoga classes are set to 30-40 degrees C or higher. Some advantages include loosening up tight muscles and working on flexibility. You may want to avoid this style if you’re sensitive to heat or have any health conditions. Check with your doctor before you do this type of yoga as it may not be suitable if you have low blood pressure or are pregnant, for example. 

### Finding a qualified teacher
There are many yoga teachers who are trained to work with seniors and can help you modify poses as needed.
## What are some good yoga poses for seniors?
Here are some gentle yoga poses that are perfect for seniors or anyone looking for a gentle stretch.

### Cat-cow stretch
Position yourself into a table-top position on your hands and knees. Take a deep breath in and look towards the sky, arching your back towards the mat. On your exhale, slowly round your back, gazing between your hands on the mat. Gently alternate between these two poses, breathing in and out.

### Downward-facing dog
Start on your hands and knees. Tuck your toes under, then ground down through your hands to push your hips back up towards the sky. Create one straight, diagonal line between your hands and your hips, keeping a slight bend in your knees. Let your head hang between your shoulders and breathe slowly.

### Warrior II
Stand on your mat with your feet spread wide apart. Raise your arms parallel to the ground with your palms facing down. Pivot your front foot to face forward, bend your front knee, and pivot your upper body towards the front. Look over the top of your front hand. 

### Tree pose
Stand with your feet together. Shift your weight to one foot, then slowly lift your opposite foot to place your heel against your ankle. You can stay here, or raise your foot to press against your inner calf or thigh. Raise your arms overhead or press your palms together.

Chair yoga modifications are also available for many poses, making them accessible for seniors who have limited mobility.
## Yoga breathing techniques for seniors
While many people think of yoga’s physical postures, yoga also involves the practice of meditation and breath work. Here are some simple breathing exercises to try:

### Equal breathing
Inhale for a count of four, then exhale for a count of four.

### Belly breathing
Place your hand on your belly and inhale deeply, feeling your belly rise. Exhale slowly, feeling your belly fall.

### Alternate nostril breathing
Close one nostril with your finger and inhale through the other nostril. Then, close the other nostril and exhale through the first nostril. Repeat on the other side.
## Tips for seniors starting a yoga practice
If you're new to yoga or haven't practised in a while, here are some tips to help you get started:

__Start slowly and gradually__ – Don't try to do too much too soon. Start with just a few poses and gradually build up to longer practices.
__Listen to your body__ – If a pose doesn't feel right or causes pain, stop and modify or skip it.
__Modify poses as needed__ – Yoga poses can be modified to make them more accessible. Use props like blocks or straps or try chair yoga modifications.
__Stay hydrated__ – Drink plenty of water before, during, and after your yoga practice.

Senior-friendly yoga classes are available at many gyms, community centres, and yoga studios. You can also find online classes and videos specifically designed for seniors.

Yoga is a great way for everyone to improve their health and wellness. By practising gentle yoga poses and breathing exercises, you can increase their flexibility, strength, balance, and relaxation.

If you're interested in starting a yoga practice, be sure to talk to your doctor, choose the right yoga style, and find a qualified teacher. With a little bit of practice, you'll be able to reap all the benefits of yoga both on and off the mat. 

__This article has been medically reviewed by Dr Bryony Henderson, lead GP at Kry.__

kry.co.uk > Article page > Yoga for seniors

Yoga for seniors header 2100x1200

As we get older, it's more important than ever to take care of our bodies and minds. One way to do that is through yoga, a gentle and effective form of exercise that offers a range of health benefits

kry.co.uk > Yoga for seniors > Meta information

Yoga for seniors: The benefits of gentle exercise | Kry UK

kry.co.uk > medical reviewer

Dr Bryony

Dr Bryony Henderson

Yoga for seniors: The benefits of gentle exercise

If you’ve ever glanced at your tissue after blowing your nose, you may have noticed all sorts of colours and textures. In fact, the colour of your snot can give you some clues about your overall health. 

So, what exactly is snot? Snot, the sticky substance that comes out of your nose during a cold, is just another term for mucus. Mucus is essentially a thick, jelly-like substance that lines your eyes, sinuses, nose, mouth, lungs and stomach. 

Mucus plays a vital role in your body. It’s your body’s first line of [defence in fighting infection](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6435297/) because it contains antibodies, which trigger a reaction to ward off viruses and bacteria. 

![Snot colour chart](//images.ctfassets.net/h8qzhh7m9m8u/2M6RJGaxdf8m5E9lpeFsn6/7b31a5a072f8ff73f2e76a2b9080405f/what_does_my_snot_colour_mean__Inographic.png)

## What do different snot colours mean?
### 1. Clear snot
Clear snot is generally considered the norm. Snot is mainly made up of [water](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/nose-secretion), but it also contains proteins and salts. 

But clear snot that’s runny could be a sign of allergies, like [hay fever](/your-health/hay-fever-signs-and-treatment/), or even the start of a cold. 

Hay fever is just one type of allergic rhinitis, which is inflammation of the inside of the nose caused by something you’re allergic to. Your immune system reacts to an allergen, such as mould, pollen, grass, dust mites or pet dander. Common symptoms include a runny or [blocked nose](/your-health/how-to-get-rid-of-a-blocked-nose-a-doctors-best-tips/), sneezing, and itchy watery red eyes. 

If your symptoms are disrupting your sleep and everyday activities, speak to a doctor. 

### 2. Yellow snot
Yellow snot is a sign that your body is probably fighting an infection. The yellow tinge comes from your white blood cells, which rush to the site of infection as an immune response to the infection. 

It’s a good idea to make sure you’re drinking enough water and getting enough rest to allow your body to recover. 

If your cold or infection is persistent and isn’t going away, a green or yellow discharge from the nose can also be a symptom of [sinusitis](/medical-advice/ent/acute-sinusitis/). Other symptoms can include: 
- A high temperature
- Pain, pressure and/or tenderness around your eyes, forehead or cheeks
- Bad breath
- Loss of smell
- Toothache
- A blocked nose 

Speak to a doctor if your symptoms are severe, like an uncontrollable high temperature or bleeding from the nose, or if they haven’t improved after 7 days. You should also speak to them if you’re experiencing recurrent episodes of sinusitis.

### 3. Green snot 
Have the contents of your nose turned green? Or are you coughing up green mucus? Thick green snot is also a common symptom when your body is working hard to fight off an infection. 

The green colour comes from dead white blood cells that have been battling an infection, and other waste products being flushed out of your body.

If your symptoms continue to get worse or don’t get better after seven days, speak to a doctor. 

### 4. Pink or red snot
Ever noticed pink or red mucus after blowing your nose? It’s usually no cause for alarm – blood in your snot typically means that your nasal passage is dry, irritated or damaged. This can occur with allergies or viral infections due to using nasal sprays or blowing your nose frequently. 

You may also notice pink or red snot after a nosebleed. 

### 5. Brown snot
Brown snot may be a result of dried blood that has been sitting in your nasal passage for a while. It could also be caused by inhaling something brown or red, such as dirt or smoke. For example, you may notice brown snot after walking around a busy city.

If you have regular nose bleeds and frequently see a lot of blood in your snot, speak to your doctor. If you notice that you’re coughing up brown or blood-stained phlegm, you should see a doctor because this can sometimes be an indicator of [pneumonia](/medical-advice/respiratory-system/pneumonia/) or bronchitis. 

### 6. Black snot 
While you may notice that you have black snot if you smoke or are somewhere with heavy air pollution, it can also be a sign of a serious [fungal infection](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551496/). 

Fungal infections can affect people who are immunocompromised, so it’s important to speak to a doctor.  

### 7. White snot
Have you ever noticed that your snot is white when you’re feeling congested? White snot can be a sign of a cold, nasal infection or allergy. When your nasal passage gets inflamed, your snot loses its water content and moisture – making it cloudy and thick. 

You may also experience other accompanying symptoms, like coughing, congestion, a high temperature or a sore throat. 

If you have asthma and are producing lots of [white, grey or clear phlegm](https://oxfordmedicaleducation.com/clinical-examinations/respiratory-examination/sputum-types/), it could be an indication that your airways are inflamed and your asthma symptoms are getting worse. 

## When to contact a doctor 
You should make an appointment to speak to a doctor if: 
- Your symptoms are not improving after 7 days 
- You have a persistently high temperature 
- You have very dark, thick or bloodstained mucus
- You have been coughing for 3 weeks or more 

If you’re having difficulty breathing, go to A&E immediately.

__This article has been medically reviewed by Dr Bryony Henderson, Lead GP at Kry.__

kry.co.uk    >       article page >         CTA

kry.co.uk > article page > What does my snot colour mean?

what does my snot colour mean

Your snot colour can tell you a lot about your overall health. Whether it’s green, yellow, brown or black, here’s what the different colours really mean. 

What does the colour of your snot mean? | Kry UK

General health

General health and seasonal

What does the colour of your snot mean?

Although hay fever may be nothing more than a few sniffles for some kids, it can be really challenging for others. [Research](https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/10/e012637.short) has shown that hay fever symptoms can put a real burden on children’s mental health and wellbeing. 

Having [hay fever](/medical-advice/allergies-intolerances/hay-fever/) can make it hard to play outdoors, go to school, and even sleep. Most of the time, symptoms can be controlled with the right medicine, but it helps to have a few management strategies up your sleeve too.

## How common is hay fever in children?

Hay fever in children under the age of three is rare, but from that age and up, hay fever becomes more common. At least [1 in 10 children](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9474895/) experience hay fever at some point. Many people find that their hay fever settles down as they get older – this may be due to changes in our immune response as we age. 

## How can I help my child cope with hay fever?

Here are a few tips to make hay fever season easier for your youngster. 

### Make taking medicine fun

Antihistamine medication is a key part of managing your child’s hay fever. But giving young children medication isn’t always easy. It’s natural for some kids to refuse things like eye drops and syringes, even after you’ve explained they’ll help.

Sometimes it helps if a teddy bear goes first. Pretend one of your child’s favourite teddies has hay fever too and ‘give them’ some medicine. A little game of make believe can help ease any fear or anxiety. You can also try letting your child play with a clean, empty version of their medication so they can treat teddy too. 

### Bring the outdoors indoors 

When the pollen count spikes, taking playtime indoors is smart. But if your child is really keen on playing outside, they may feel like they’re missing out. 

Try bringing some outdoor activities inside. You can go ‘camping’ by draping a sheet over the kitchen table to build a tent. Or start an indoor garden and grow some (low pollen) plants, like rosemary. A small indoor trampoline can also be a great way to get kids active inside. 

### Rinse away the pollen
Pollen is made up of tiny particles that float in the air and stick easily to clothes. So during pollen season, give bath time extra priority.

Have your child wash their hands, face and hair straight away after they’ve spent time outdoors. When pollen count is high, like on hot or windy days, make sure your child has a thorough bath or shower so they’re squeaky clean. Eye drops can also help rinse away any pollen trapped in the eyes.

### Ask a doctor for advice

Hay fever medicine comes in lots of different forms. If you’ve tried a few kinds and your child still has symptoms, it may be a good idea to speak to a professional. 

Sometimes it helps to switch medicines or combine several of them. A Kry GP can give you advice on medication and how best to take the medicine. 

Also, remember that children with pollen allergies have a greater risk of developing [asthma](/medical-advice/respiratory-conditions/asthma/) than those without. Contact a doctor if your child makes wheezing sounds when breathing, is wheezing or has a [cough](/medical-advice/respiratory-conditions/cough/) that varies over time and in intensity.

If your child has bad hay fever, you can also ask a doctor for a doctor's certificate to give to their school. 

### More tips and tricks for managing children with hay fever

Here are a few more tactics to keep in mind during hay fever season:

- Vacuum at least once a week – don’t forget bedding, mattresses, and bed bases
- If you’ve got removable carpets in your home, put them away during pollen season
- Dry your laundry indoors
- Shut car windows when you’re driving through pollen heavy areas like parks
- If you’re going on holiday, consider areas with low pollen like the mountains, coast, or cities

With the right management, hay fever doesn’t have to take over your child’s spring and summer. If you’ve got any questions about helping control your child’s symptoms, speak to a GP for advice. 

__This article has been medically reviewed by Dr Bryony Henderson, Lead GP at Kry.__

kry.co.uk > Article page > A guide to managing hay fever in children

NO pollen allergy and children 2100x1200

Hay fever season coincides with the time of year when children love being outside. Here are a doctor's tips for managing your child’s hay fever symptoms.

kry.co.uk > A guide to managing hay fever in children > Meta info

A guide to managing hay fever in children | Kry UK

A guide to managing hay fever in children

kry.co.uk > Your health > Articles

All articles

See a KRY GP download app

Your health 

Kry UK

Kry is Europe’s leading digital healthcare provider. We combine digital technology with clinical expertise to help NHS services and health insurers solve the biggest challenges in healthcare.